Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin is sounding the alarm over X’s new “show which country the account is from” transparency tag, arguing that the feature will be quickly undermined by spoofing while exposing some users to unacceptable privacy risk. X has recently expanded its “About This Account” surface, letting users see metadata such as an account’s country or region alongside creation details, a move the platform positions as a tool against manipulation and inauthentic behavior.
Ethereum Founder Sounds The Alarm
Buterin’s first post acknowledged near-term upside but framed the system as fragile under adversarial pressure. “In the short term it will have lots of positive effects,” he wrote. He then predicted that sophisticated operators will adapt faster than the platform can harden the signal: “the sophisticated actors will find ways to pretend to be from countries that they are not,” pointing to rentable passports, phone numbers, and IP infrastructure that can be used to manufacture plausible provenance.
His core asymmetry claim was blunt: “Getting a million accounts with fake location will be medium-hard, getting a single account with fake location, and then getting it to a million followers, will be easy.” In his view, the feature will drift from authenticity check to theater, with foreign influence accounts displaying Anglosphere tags to amplify credibility: “In six months, the actually-[random Eurasian country]-based political troll accounts with names like ‘Defend Western Civilization’ or whatever will all have ‘USA’ or ‘UK’ as their location tags.”
The Ethereum founder stressed that he was describing incentives, not endorsing them: “This is what I think will happen, not what I wish.” What he wants instead is a provenance system that yields “more visibility into how people from different communities think about different issues, in a way that is not easy to spoof,” and that defines communities through broader, emergent evidence rather than “a narrow set of highly legible credentials like countries.”
He concluded that “making such a system adversarially robust will not be easy,” a critique consistent with the crypto security view that identity signals decay once attackers can buy or synthesize them at scale.
Shortly after, the Ethereum founder sharpened his objection to consent and safety. “I thought about this more and I think responders are right that revealing the country non-consensually without offering any opt-out option (not even ‘stop using your account’) is wrong,” he wrote.
He noted that country-level disclosure is broadly non-identifying, yet warned that edge cases matter: “there are some people for whom even a few bits of leakage are risky, and they should not have their privacy retroactively rugpulled with no recourse.” Privacy advocates on X have echoed this concern, especially for users in authoritarian or conflict settings who fear location metadata can support harassment, surveillance, or legal targeting.
X has already faced questions about accuracy and implementation, with reports that some country tags appeared incorrect and the platform adjusted visibility while promising fixes. That instability reinforces the Ethereum founder’s warning: if tags are inferred from IP, app-store, or telecom data, they are vulnerable not only to deliberate spoofing but also to routine distortions like VPN use, SIM swapping, or account resales.
At press time, Ethereum traded at $2,800.
